The thyroid gland and its effects on pregnancy
The role of the thyroid gland in the body
The thyroid gland significantly regulates energy balance and metabolism. Problems with its function can not only affect the menstrual cycle, but also increase the risk of unfulfilled fertility and miscarriages.
Hyper- and Hypo-Thyroidism - An Overactive and Underactive hormone production
Thyroid disorders are divided into overrfunction and underfuntion. Overfunction can cause nervousness, weight loss, and heart palpitations, while an underactive thyroid gland can cause fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold. Both conditions influence the chances of a successful pregnancy negatively.
Diagnosis of thyroid function
To diagnose thyroid problems, blood tests are done to measure hormone levels, particularly thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). An abnormal TSH level may indicate a functional disorder and requires further clarification, possibly through further blood tests or an ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland.
Treatment of functional disorders
The good news is that thyroid problems are usually highly treatable. For example, hyperfunction can be treated with medications that reduce hormone production, while hypofunction requires thyroid hormone supplements. The right dosage is critical, and regular checks are necessary to find the best medications and dosages. It is important to emphasize that therapy should begin before pregnancy to create optimal conditions for a successful pregnancy.
Timely identification and appropriate treatment of thyroid problems are therefore crucial to maximize the chances of a healthy pregnancy.
I am a professor and specialist in gynecology and obstetrics with a focus on gynecological endocrinology and reproductive medicine.
